Analisis Risiko Elder Abuse dan Peran Pemerintah dalam Perlindungan Sosial Lansia

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze the risk of elder abuse and the role of the government in protecting the elderly. This research is a qualitative study conducted on 30 elderly people in Gunungkidul Regency. The risk of elder abuse was assessed through the H-S/EAST screening instrument which was conducted in the respondent's local language. The data were analyzed descriptively and deepened through other instruments regarding the types of abuse that might be accepted. The answers were then deepened through interviews with several key informants from families, communities where they live, and also government officials. The data were analyzed descriptively and concluded. The results show that the elderly in Gunungkidul Regency experience low levels of abuse, but on the other hand, they experience open violations, especially in terms of finance. The limited information regarding the rights and possible abuses received causes respondents' answers to tend not to consider violations as abuse. The local government has paid special attention to the welfare of the elderly, especially how to reduce depression in the elderly, considering the suicide rate of the elderly in Gunungkidul Regency is quite high. Further research is needed on the association of elder abuse with suicide rates. In addition, it is necessary to advocate for policies regarding elderly protection programs, especially regarding the welfare of caregivers. The DPR RI is also expected to immediately finalize and ratify the draft Law on Elderly Social Welfare in order to provide social protection for the elderly against potential abuses that may be experienced.

Abstrak Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis risiko perlakuan salah dan kekerasan (elder abuse) terhadap lansia dan peran pemerintah dalam melindungi lansia. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kualitatif yang dilakukan pada 30 lansia di Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Risiko elder abuse terhadap lansia dijaring melalui instrumen skrining H-S/EAST yang dilakukan melalui bahasa lokal responden. Data kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif dan diperdalam melalui instrumen lain mengenai jenis elder abuse yang mungkin diterima. Jawaban kemudian diperdalam melalui wawancara dengan beberapa informan kunci dari keluarga, masyarakat tempat tinggal dan juga aparat pemerintah. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk kemudian diambil kesimpulan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa lansia di Kabupaten Gunungkidul rendah mengalami perlakuan salah dan kekerasan, tetapi di sisi lain ternyata mengalami pelanggaran terang-terangan terutama pada segi finansial. Keterbatasan informasi mengenai hak dan kemungkinan elder abuse yang diterima menyebabkan jawaban responden cenderung tidak menganggap pelanggaran sebagai perlakuan salah dan kekerasan. Pemerintah daerah telah memberikan perhatian khusus pada kesejahteraan lansia terutama cara mengurangi depresi lansia mengingat tingkat bunuh diri lansia di Kabupaten Gunungkidul cukup tinggi. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lanjutan mengenai keterkaitan elder abuse dengan tingkat bunuh diri. Selain itu, perlu advokasi kebijakan mengenai program perlindungan lansia terutama mengenai kesejahteraan pengasuh lansia. DPR RI juga diharapkan dapat segera menuntaskan dan mengesahkan rancangan Undang-Undang tentang Kesejahteraan Lanjut Usia demi memberikan perlindungan sosial lanjut usia atas potensi abuse yang mungkin dialami.