Ocean Grabbing di Indonesia dan Malaysia: Catatan Krisis Sosio-Ekologis Dampak Proyek Reklamasi

Anggalih Bayu Muh Kamim

Abstract

This study explores the ocean grabbing phenomenon that arises as a result of the reclamation project undertaken to facilitate the expansion of urban capital. The case of reclamation projects in Indonesia and Malaysia is taken to be compared with the consideration of the method of spending and facilitation on urban capital investment through the reclamation project. The need for new land which has become the culprit of the reclamation project will be explored about the impact it has had on the socio-ecological crisis that coastal communities must suffer. This study is a literature review carried out by tracing research reports, journal articles, and online media coverage related to the problem being examined. This study was carried out by borrowing the definition of ocean grabbing made by Bennett, Govan, and Satterfield and the criteria they made to show socio-ecological crises arising in coastal communities due to the reclamation project. The results of the study show that reclamation projects in Indonesia and Malaysia pose serious ocean grabbing problems. First, reclamation projects in Indonesia and Malaysia have poor governance. Minimal public participation and inadequate planning are a way for the facilitation of urban capital expansion in the reclamation project. Second, the reclamation project has worsened the living conditions of coastal communities due to loss of catchment area, decreased income, and deprived the community of its living space. Third, the reclamation project has caused damage to the ecosystem which has broken the balance of the environment in marine waters.

Abstrak

Kajian ini mendalami fenomena ocean grabbing yang muncul akibat proyek reklamasi yang dilakukan untuk memfasilitasi ekspansi modal. Kasus proyek reklamasi di Indonesia dan Malaysia diambil untuk diperbandingkan dengan melihat metode pengurugan dan upaya memfasilitasi investasi perkotaan dalam proyek reklamasi. Kebutuhan lahan baru yang menjadi biang keladi dari proyek reklamasi akan didalami mengenai dampak yang ditimbulkannya pada krisis sosio-ekologis yang harus diderita masyarakat pesisir. Studi ini adalah kajian pustaka yang dilakukan dengan menelusuri laporan penelitian, artikel jurnal, dan pemberitaan media daring yang terkait dengan persoalan yang dikaji. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan meminjam pendefinisian ocean grabbing yang dibuat oleh Bennett, Govan, dan Satterfield serta kriteria yang mereka buat untuk mengidentifikasi krisis sosio-ekologis yang muncul di masyarakat pesisir akibat proyek reklamasi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa proyek reklamasi di Indonesia dan Malaysia menimbulkan masalah ocean grabbing secara serius. Pertama, proyek reklamasi di Indonesia dan Malaysia memiliki tata kelola yang buruk. Partisipasi publik yang minim dan perencanaan tidak memadai menjadi jalan bagi fasilitasi ekspansi modal dalam proyek reklamasi. Kedua, proyek reklamasi telah memperburuk keadaan kehidupan masyarakat pesisir akibat hilangnya daerah tangkapan, penurunan pendapatan dan mencerabut komunitas dari ruang hidupnya. Ketiga, proyek reklamasi menyebabkan kerusakan ekosistem yang telah merusak keseimbangan lingkungan di perairan laut.

 

Keywords

investasi; ocean grabbing; proyek reklamasi; investment; ocean grabbing; reclamation project

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.46807/aspirasi.v11i1.1587

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