MENGUKUR KINERJA EKONOMI KREATIF INDONESIA
Abstract
The creative economy can drive income creation; job creation; export earnings; and promote social inclusion, cultural diversity, and human development. The creative economy sector can be a hope to support the Indonesian economy, especially in facing the threat of demographic bonuses and current economic problems. The purpose of this research is to build a Creative Productivity Composite Index (IKPK) of provinces in Indonesia which consists of the Index of Creative Input (IIK) and the Index of Creative Output (IOK). The analytical method used is Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results of the study show that there are 16 indicators that make up the IIK which consist of three dimensions, namely knowledge and skills; creative destruction; and financial capital. Meanwhile, there are 7 indicators that make up the IOK which are grouped into two dimensions, namely conventional and developing country relevance. The results of IIK and IOK calculations from 2017-2020 show an increasing trend in most of Indonesia's provinces. By comparing IIK to IOK, we can see the development of Indonesia's creative productivity. The results of the study show that creative productivity in most provinces is still relatively low. Efforts to increase creative productivity can be carried out by encouraging the value of IIK, especially by increasing and equalizing the quality of human resources in the dimensions of knowledge and skills. In addition, increasing exports of goods and services, increasing book production, and developing the creative sector can be pursued to encourage creative productivity from the IOK aspect.
Abstrak
Ekonomi kreatif dapat mendorong penciptaan pendapatan; penciptaan lapangan kerja; dan pendapatan ekspor; serta mempromosikan inklusi sosial, keragaman budaya, dan pembangunan manusia. Sektor ekonomi kreatif bisa menjadi harapan untuk menyokong perekonomian Indonesia terutama dalam menghadapi ancaman bonus demografi dan permasalahan ekonomi saat ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membangun Indeks Komposit Produktivitas Kreatif (IKPK) provinsi di Indonesia yang terdiri dari Indeks Input Kreatif (IIK) dan Indeks Output Kreatif (IOK). Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Analisis Komponen Utama (AKU). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 16 indikator penyusun IIK yang terdiri dari tiga dimensi, yaitu pengetahuan dan keterampilan; destruksi kreatif; dan modal finansial. Sementara itu, terdapat 7 indikator penyusun IOK yang dikelompokkan ke dalam dua dimensi, yaitu konvensional dan relevansi negara berkembang. Hasil penghitungan IIK dan IOK dari tahun 2017-2020 menunjukkan kecenderungan meningkat pada sebagian besar provinsi Indonesia. Dengan membandingkan IIK terhadap IOK, dapat dilihat perkembangan produktivitas kreatif Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan produktivitas kreatif di sebagian besar provinsi masih tergolong rendah. Upaya peningkatan produktivitas kreatif dapat dilakukan dengan mendorong nilai IIK terutama dengan peningkatan dan pemerataan kualitas SDM pada dimensi pengetahuan dan keterampilan. Selain itu, peningkatan ekspor barang dan jasa, peningkatan produksi buku, serta pengembangan sektor kreatif dapat ditempuh untuk mendorong produktivitas kreatif dari aspek IOK.
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