Pandemi Covid-19 dan Dampak Ekonomi pada Pekerja Migran Indonesia dan Keluarganya: Sebuah Kajian Pustaka

Mita Noveria; Haning Romdiati

doi:10.22212/jekp.v13i1.1947

Pandemi Covid-19 dan Dampak Ekonomi pada Pekerja Migran Indonesia dan Keluarganya: Sebuah Kajian Pustaka

Mita Noveria, Haning Romdiati

10.22212/jekp.v13i1.1947

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Abstract

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic negatively impacts the Indonesian migrant workers since their host countries suffer from the effect of infectious diseases. A big number of Indonesian migrant workers lost their jobs which caused them unable to send money to their families at home country. This paper aims to discuss the impacts of Covid-19 on Indonesian migrant workers’ welfare and their families at home country. This paper is based on analysing existing statistical data and reviewing existing literature and research publications. The results show that the direct impacts of Covid-19 on Indonesian migrant workers are layoffs for both permanent and temporary workers. Indonesian migrant workers who have been laid off have to go back to their home country. Some Indonesian migrant workers who are still working in host countries received decreasing income due to salary reduction and no additional income for their extra working hours. Such condition brings about negative impacts on Indonesian migrant workers’ welfare and their families at home country, mainly because of the reduce of remittances, reaching 10.28 percent during the Covid-19 pandemic. Considering the condition of migrant workers’ families who have experienced a decrease in remittances, they should be eligible for receiving any safety net from social security programs due to Covid-19 pandemic impact.

Keywords: Indonesian migrant workers, Covid-19 pandemic, social security

Abstrak

Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) merupakan salah satu kelompok penduduk yang terkena dampak negatif dari pandemi Covid-19 karena negara tempat mereka bekerja tidak luput dari penyakit infeksi menular tersebut. Dari sisi ekonomi, dampak yang dirasakan oleh sebagian PMI adalah kehilangan pekerjaan, karena Covid-19 memengaruhi aktivitas ekonomi berbagai negara tempat mereka bekerja. Akibatnya, mereka tidak mempunyai penghasilan yang bisa dikirim untuk keluarga yang ditinggalkan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk membahas dampak Covid-19 terhadap kesejahteraan PMI dan keluarga mereka di daerah asal. Analisis tulisan ini berdasarkan pada berbagai data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui kajian pustaka terhadap literatur yang relevan. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan dampak langsung yang dirasakan PMI adalah diberhentikan dari pekerjaan atau tidak adanya perpanjangan kontrak kerja. PMI yang tidak dapat terus bekerja di luar negeri terpaksa harus kembali ke daerah asal. Sebagian PMI yang masih bekerja mengalami pengurangan pendapatan, antara lain karena pemotongan upah dan tidak ada penghasilan tambahan yang diperoleh saat bekerja lembur. Kondisi ini berpengaruh negatif terhadap kesejahteraan PMI dan keluarganya karena aliran remitansi menjadi berkurang. Remitansi dari PMI ke Indonesia telah mengalami penurunan selama pandemi Covid-19, yaitu mencapai 10,28 persen. Mempertimbangkan kondisi keluarga PMI yang mengalami penurunan remitansi maka kelompok ini perlu mendapat perhatian, terutama terkait dengan jaminan sosial bagi penduduk yang terdampak Covid-19.

Kata kunci: pekerja migran Indonesia, pandemi Covid-19, jaminan sosial

Keywords

Indonesian migrant workers; Covid-19 pandemic; social security; pekerja migran Indonesia; pandemi Covid-19; jaminan sosial

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.22212/jekp.v13i1.1947