Macro Stress Test Model Risiko Kredit: Studi Empiris Perbankan Konvensional dan Syariah di Indonesia [A Macro Stress Test Model of Credit Risk: An Empirical Studies of Conventional and Islamic Banking in Indonesia]
Abstract
This paper proposes a model to conduct macro-stress tests of credit risk for conventional and Islamic banking in Indonesia based on scenario analysis. The aims are to investigate and to compare the financial system resilience of the two banking systems from various macroeconomic shocks. It used NPL and NPF to measures credit risk of conventional and Islamic banking. It considered several exogenous macroeconomic variables, namely Gross Domestic Product, Exchange Rate, Consumer Price Index, and Interest Rate. It applied the ARDL Model which is estimated for each type of bank credit portfolio that splits into 9 sectors. It found that a decreased in GDP, exchange rate depreciation, an increased in CPI, and interest rates contributed to encouraging a rose in both NPL and NPF levels. CPI was the biggest source of vulnerability to credit risk in both groups of banks, followed by GDP, exchange rates, and interest rates. This evidence indicates that the vulnerability of the financial system in both groups of banks did not only depend on the internal performance in each bank but also depend on the external shocks. It also confirmed that although Islamic banks and conventional banks used different operating systems, they could not be separated from macroeconomic shocks.
Keywords: stress test, credit risk, bank, ARDL Model, Indonesia
Abstrak
Tulisan ini berfokus pada pengembangan model yang mampu melakukan pengujian tekanan makro (macro stress test) terhadap risiko kredit perbankan konvensional dan perbankan syariah di Indonesia dengan menggunakan beberapa analisis skenario. Tujuannya adalah untuk menginvestigasi sekaligus mengkomparasi daya tahan sistem keuangan kedua sistem perbankan tersebut dari berbagai guncangan makro. Variabel risiko kredit yang digunakan adalah NPL untuk perbankan konvensional dan NPF untuk perbankan syariah. Variabel makro eksogenus yang digunakan adalah Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB), kurs, indeks harga konsumen (IHK), dan tingkat suku bunga. Spesifikasi model yang digunakan adalah ARDL, yang diestimasi untuk setiap tipe kredit perbankan yang diklasifikasikan ke dalam 9 (sembilan) sektor dan total seluruh sektor. Studi ini menemukan bahwa penurunan PDB, depresiasi kurs, kenaikan IHK (inflasi), dan tingkat suku bunga (BI Rate) berkontribusi dalam mendorong kenaikan level NPL maupun NPF. IHK (inflasi) merupakan sumber kerentanan terbesar bagi risiko kredit pada kedua kelompok bank, diikuti oleh PDB, kurs, dan tingkat suku bunga. Fakta ini mengindikasikan bahwa kerentanan sistem keuangan pada kedua kelompok bank tidak hanya bergantung pada kinerja internal pada setiap bank, namun juga dinamika makro eksternal. Hasil ini mengonfirmasi bahwa meski bank syariah dan bank konvensional menggunakan sistem operasi yang berbeda, namun keduanya tidak terlepas dari dinamika ekonomi makro yang terjadi.
Kata kunci: stress test, risiko kredit, bank, Model ARDL, IndonesiaKeywords
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Jurnal:
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